In his study, "Hades of Hippolytus or Tartarus of Tertullian? The Authorship of the Fragment De Universo", C. But the righteous shall obtain the incorruptible and un-fading kingdom, who indeed are at present detained in Hades, but not in the same place with the unrighteous. And the unrighteous, and those who believed not God, who have honoured as God the vain works of the hands of men, idols fashioned, shall be sentenced to this endless punishment. And in this locality there is a certain place set apart by itself, a lake of unquenchable fire, into which we suppose no one has ever yet been cast for it is prepared against the day determined by God, in which one sentence of righteous judgment shall be justly applied to all. This locality has been destined to be as it were a guard-house for souls, at which the angels are stationed as guards, distributing according to each one's deeds the temporary punishments for characters. Hades is a place in the created system, rude, a locality beneath the earth, in which the light of the world does not shine and as the sun does not shine in this locality, there must necessarily be perpetual darkness there. But now we must speak of Hades, in which the souls both of the righteous and the unrighteous are detained. 236), has the following:Īnd this is the passage regarding demons. The variously titled fragment "Against Plato" or "De Universo", attributed to Hippolytus of Rome (c. You must suppose Hades to be a subterranean region, and keep at arm's length those who are too proud to believe that the souls of the faithful deserve a place in the lower regions … How, indeed, shall the soul mount up to heaven, where Christ is already sitting at the Father's right hand, when as yet the archangel's trumpet has not been heard by the command of God, when as yet those whom the coming of the Lord is to find on the earth, have not been caught up into the air to meet Him at His coming, in company with the dead in Christ, who shall be the first to arise? … The sole key to unlock Paradise is your own life's blood. 225), making an exception only for the Christian martyrs, argued that the souls of the dead go down beneath the earth, and will go up to the sky ( heaven) only at the end of the world: The word "Hades" appears in Jesus' promise to Peter: "And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it." and in the warning to Capernaum: "And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will go down to Hades." Early Christian views ĭeath and Hades are repeatedly associated in the Book of Revelation. The one exception is Luke's parable of Lazarus and the rich man, in which the rich man finds himself, after death, in Hades, and "in anguish in this flame", while in contrast the angels take Lazarus to "the bosom of Abraham", described as a state of comfort. In all appearances but one, ᾅδης has little if any relation to afterlife rewards or punishments. Modern translations, for which there are only 10 instances of the word ᾅδης in the New Testament, generally transliterate it as "Hades". Except in this verse of 1 Corinthians, where it uses "grave", the King James Version translates ᾅδης as "hell". In the Textus Receptus version of the New Testament the word ᾅδης (Hades), appears 11 times but critical editions of the text of 1 Corinthians 15:55 have θάνατος (death) in place of ᾅδης. The Hebrew phrase לא־תעזב נפשׁי לשׁאול ("you will not abandon my soul to Sheol") in Psalm 16:10 is quoted in the Koine Greek New Testament, Acts 2:27 as οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾅδου ("you will not abandon my soul to Hades"). A folk-art allegorical map based on Matthew 7:13–14 Bible Gateway by the woodcutter Georgin François in 1825.
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